Demikhov in 1989 for “the development of intrathoracic transplantation and the use of artificial hearts”. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation awarded the “first Pioneer Award” to Dr. In July 1953, he reached a milestone by performing the first successful coronary bypass surgery on a dog. “Blood from the left ventricle was pumped into the aorta then, through the coronary vessels that supplied the myocardium, it passed into the right atrium, the right ventricle, and the lungs, where the blood was reoxygenated and returned to the left atrium”. Demikhov’s donor’s heart-lung preparations were preserved during transplantation by utilizing “closed-circuit circulation”. Demikhov experimented on usually survived 30 days post operation. In June 1946, he performed a heterotopic heart-lung transplant on a dog for 9.5 h, which was a landmark in his experiments. Demikhov performed surgery quickly and used his own method to preserve organs during transplantation. In lieu of the cardiopulmonary bypass, Dr. He was able to do these operations without using a cardiopulmonary bypass. Demikhov simultaneously transplanted a heart and lung, which proved successful. His experiments were the first of this kind and he mainly tested on dogs. This device was transplanted into a dog that went onto live 5.5 h after the operation. The TAH he developed was made up of two pumps, besides each other which were driven by an “external motor with a transcutaneous drive shaft”. Demikhov developed a total artificial heart (TAH) device and executed the first coronary artery bypass surgery and intrathoracic transplantation in the world. Early innovations such as an external blood pump and device similar to that of an artificial heart set into motion the desire to create a total artificial heart. These organs were monitored after removal to observe their development and function. Some organs they removed were kidneys, hearts, thyroid glands, and ovaries. After this innovation, Carrel and Lindbergh went on to create an “ in vitro artificial heart-like” device to keep organs alive when removed from the body. Lindbergh also went on to create a centrifuge that could securely separate blood plasma. It took him a few years but he eventually created a blood pump that actually worked. Lindbergh reviewed the issues that Carrel was having and went on to create several of his own blood pumps which turned out to be unsuccessful. Carrel was uncertain that while performing heart surgery, an external blood pump could support the human body. Lindbergh was an inventor who is mainly known today as an aviator who flew over the Atlantic whilst Carrel was a surgeon who won the Nobel Prize for his innovations in organ transplantation. Nearly a century after LeGallois’ theory, the unforeseen pairing of Charles Lindbergh and Alexis Carrel joined forces to advance mechanical circulatory support in the 1920s. However, his hypothesis would not become a reality until the 21st century. The theory of “mechanical circulatory support” was first hypothesized by Julien Jean Cesar LeGallois in 1812. These theories culminated over the years into what is known as the artificial heart today. Throughout the last century, many doctors have materialized their theories concerning the heart into new life-saving technologies.
Additionally, there are approximately a little over 2,000 hearts available for patients per year but there are more than 3,000 patients waiting for a transplant. Patients are then left to wait on a donor list but some will not make it waiting to receive a transplant. The only option left after drugs is transplantation.
There are many drugs in the market to treat heart disease but once the disease has reached a certain phase, the drugs can only do so much. Due to these statistics, the heart has become a concern for doctors and scientists alike.
If the heart failure has reached an advanced stage, “60-94%” of patients will die in 1 year. Approximately 100,000 people are diagnosed with progressive heart failure every year. Furthermore, heart failure is affecting around 20 million people exclusively in the United States and Europe. The leading cause of death today is heart disease and around 600,000 people die from this yearly. It transports blood to various parts of our body and most importantly keeps us alive. The heart is the most important organ in the human body.
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